XI LOK SABHA DEBATES, Session V (Monsoon)

XI LOK SABHA DEBATES, Session V (Monsoon) 
XI LOK SABHA DEBATES, Session V (Monsoon) Friday, July 25, 1997/Sravana 3, 1919 (Saka)

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Type of Debate: PRIVATE MEMBERS BILLS
Title: Further discussion on the Abolition of Begging Bill, 1996, moved by Dr. T. Subbarami Reddy on the 2nd May, 1997. (Contd.- Not Concluded) Motion for Consideration TEXT : 17.02 hours

MR. CHAIRMAN: Now, we move on to the next item, ie., item no. 37. Abolition of Begging Bill, 1996. Dr. T. Subarami Reddy was on his legs. As he is not present in the House now, I think, we should call the next speaker. Shri Prithviraj D. Chavan, please.

SHRI PRITHVIRAJ D. CHAVAN (KARAD): Thank you, Mr. Chairman, Sir, My friend Dr. Reddy has brought the Private Member's Bill seeking to abolish the begging which actually comes from poverty. It is a well-intented Bill, well-meaning Bill. But it is very difficult to implement. What the hon. Member has suggested is that certain funds be created and that begging can be removed by law, I disagree with him.

As I said, it is a well-intented Bill but it is very difficult to practically implement it. What will have to be done to abolish poverty, will be to abolish the causes which cause beggary. When you analyse the causes of extreme poverty, causes which force people, young children, women to beg on the street, particularly in the metropolitan cities, it is obvious that the main reason is the extreme poverty that exists in this country, even 50 years after independence.

Sir, there are statistics by the Planning Commission which say that nearly 40 per cent of the population is living below the poverty line. People are poor, they are not able to even have two square meals a day. The second reason is that there is huge unemployment; huge underemployment. It is primarily because 50 per cent of our population is today illiterate.

Again, it is a very sorry state of affairs that this country has not been able to abolish or eradicate illiteracy even fifty years after independence.

With no education, it is difficult to develop any skills which can be marketed. A person cannot be a part of the labour market without education. Whatever little seasonal employment he can get in rural areas, he manages. But, most of the time, he has to do without any job, without any employment. He has to starve.

There is another reason for such extreme deprivation: natural calamities. Failure of monsoons, extreme conditions of drought and havoc caused by floods cause migration of a lot of people in search of jobs, in search of food and in search of shelter. We can see hundreds of people crowding near railway stations migrating from areas where there have been flood havocs, where there have been droughts, where monsoons have failed and where no agricultural labour is required. These people who go to nearby metropolitan cities have no other recourse to survive, to feed themselves, by begging.

There are also some social causes. If we look at the religious ethos of the country, in the Hindu religion, the concept of fate, the karma imposes that a person has to suffer for his past sins. There is no incentive to improve one's position; a person resigns himself to his fate, to his poverty, to his extreme deprivation. There are also parts of the country where begging - surviving by going door to door - has been glorified in certain religious texts.

There is also the status of women, particularly widows. We all know what happens to them. In order to survive, they have to beg and try to get two square meals. Also, it has been mentioned in the objectives of the Bill that there are organised gangs which are exploiting children, particularly in cities. Children are kidnapped; sometimes they are maimed and they are made to beg in the city streets. It is a serious problem.

The census indicates that there are probably over ten lakh beggars but the reality could be even worse. It is very difficult to accurately determine how many people have to beg, perhaps not habitually but because of extreme circumstances, because there is no alternative. Therefore, if we want to really get rid of this abhorrent practice of begging, the causes which make people to beg have to be eliminated.

First of all, we have to pay sufficient attention to education in this country. We will have to reach full, cent per cent literacy level as soon as possible. Only when we get to a point where there is no iliteracy can we then begin to improve the quality of education. Then, we can think of imparting some skills which can be marketed. We can give them some vocational training with which they can either start their small enterprises or offer themselves for organised sector jobs. It is unfortunate that even after fifty years of independence, we have not been able to eradicate illiteracy.

Commissions after Commissions and experts after experts have given their reports, important among them being the Kothari Commission which has submitted its Report in 1964 stating that this country should spend at least six per cent of its Gross National Product on education. But even today we have not gone beyond 3.5 per cent. The `Education For All' summit which took place in this country a few years back has committed that India will, after the end of Ninth Plan period, be able to spend that kind of money on education.

When we are considering this Bill, when we want to abolish beggary, when we want to abolish poverty, when we want to abolish extreme deprivation and when we want our people to live like decent human beings, as a nation we will have to resolve to eradicate illiteracy within a short time , if possible before the end of this century. Many schemes like adult illiteracy schemes, National Literacy Mission are working well in some parts of the country. Particularly, Mr. Chairman, in your own State the schemes have made a great impact. But in many other States, particularly in the BIMARU States of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, the schemes have not made any significant impact. The literacy levels are very low, particularly the literacy levels of females. That is the important reason for extreme poverty. We will have to completely overhaul our system of education which is degree based and not knowledge based. We will have to vocationalise the system totally so that people do not run after degrees like B.A., B.Com and other degrees in humanities which do not give them any marketable skill but only a piece of paper which has no worth in the job market. If we change our education system drastically, orient it towards vocational education, I am sure the problem of extreme poverty could be alleviated to a great extent.

The next point is empowerment of women. During the last ten years there has been a great awareness that unless women are made economically independent, unless they are involved in political decision making, unless power is devolved to women, unless they are made literate, unless their burdens are removed, this society cannot progress. The country cannot economically progress . We have in this Parliament taken steps to empower women. The late Rajiv Gandhi had a great idea when he had introduced 33 per cent of reservation for women in Panchayati Raj system. This Parliament enacted a Constitutional Amendment and we are beginning to see some impact at the grossroots level. With empowerment of women, with the improvement in their economic conditions, the problem of extreme poverty, which ultimately results in people having to beg, would be reduced.

My next submission is that we will have to ban child labour. The Constitution has promised that children between the age group of 6 and 14 will be given compulsory free education within ten years of the framing of the Constitution. But we are nowhere near achieving that goal. There is an initiative by this Government that they want to bring the education of children between the ages of 6 and 14 as a fundamental right. I congratulate this Government on that. But it will not be suffice just to speak about lofty ideals. In practical terms, we will have to see that every child gets compulsory education at primary and secondary stage so that they are not forced to enter into child labour or child beggary whether it is by organised gangs or by parents, who need their children to beg to survive.

Sir, the country has also to create a social safety net so that when the people get old and are not able to earn their living, they get the benefit of some old-age pension, some safety and some security.

In the organised sector and in the industrial sector, there is a concept of a safety net. There are pension schemes, gratuities, provident funds, but what about the agricultural workers? As it is, they do not have sufficient employment throughout the year. But when they become old, there is absolutely no security for them. There is absolutely no way by which they can even survive. So, this country will have to create a safety net. It will cost a lot of money; it will need great political will power to create a safety net or some kind of a social insurance scheme or some kind of an old age insurance scheme which is all encompassing -- it includes everybody -- people in rural areas, people in backward areas, people in adivasi areas and not only in the urban areas. If we are able to create say - old people's homes - then, I am sure the need to beg, when people become old or when their children do not look after them, when they are driven out of home and forced to beg, would not be there. This will need a substantial political will power and it will need money; only wishful thinking that we should abolish beggary will not yield the results that the Mover of this Bill wants to achieve.

Therefore, while I compliment Dr. Subbarami Reddy for to bringing this Private Member's Bill whose objectives are laudable, it is quite impractical to abolish beggary by enacting a legislation. Beggary cannot be outlawed; poverty will have to be outlawed. We have to conquer poverty; we have to eliminate poverty; only then the evil practice of begging, whether it is organised by gangs, whether it is the case of children begging in the streets, whether it is an urban or rural people or agricultural labour, can be abolished. They indulge in beggary for survival, to get two square meals a day because they cannot get work. There is no social safety net. This can only be eliminated when this country gets rid of extreme abject poverty which is existing today.

I, therefore, support the Bill , but I request the Mover of this Bill to thoroughly change it. The only provisions in this Bill are not themselves sufficient to achieve the objectives. At the same time, I congratulate Dr. Reddy for having focussed the attention of the country on the problem of beggary. I also urge upon the Government to take up certain issues like that of social safety net for rural workers. The Government is bringing in a Bill for agricultural labour. It is a welcome step. They will have to give rural population some semblance of a social safety net or some security; only then can we go into the 21st century with our heads held high. I support the Bill. Thank you.

THE PRIME MINISTER (SHRI I.K. GUJRAL): Sir, by chance I am here now. My friend has made a reference regarding the Agricultural Workers' Bill. I welcome his suggestions. We have been, as a matter of fact, addressing ourselves to this issue for some time now.

It is a sad comment, on the Indian political system, if I may say so, that fortunately or unfortunately, as yet, the State Governments have not responded. We have reminded them twice. I must assure you that so far as the Central Government is concerned, we do understand and appreciate the agony of the agricultural workers, as you have rightly pointed out. It is by chance that I am here in this House at this particular moment, when I heard my friend saying this. I do feel that ultimately the poorer sections of our society are the agricultural workers and landless labourers. They are the people who need a network of security and they should be given. The Central Government is considering this matter -- it is under our consideration. I would urge all my fellow-Members in this House to try to persuade the State Governments and also to respond, primarily because ultimately whatever laws we make here in this context will have to be implemented by the State Governments.

And I think since all of us are feeling concerned about it, both that side and this side, if we exert our influence on our respective State Governments - I am not trying to blame any party, I am not trying to run down any party. That is not the issue. These are issues on which national consensus should build and national consensus should be there. I can only assure you that Government of India will be very responsive and very sensitive to this issue.

SHRI VIJAY GOEL (SADAR - DELHI):

¸ÉÒ Ê´ÉVÉªÉ MÉÉäªÉ±É (ºÉnù®ú-Ênù±±ÉÒ) : ºÉÖ®úIÉÉ Eòä +±ÉÉ´ÉÉ +Éè®ú EòÉèxÉ-EòÉèxÉ ºÉÒ ºÉ½þÉªÉiÉÉ nùÒ VÉÉBMÉÒ*

MR. CHAIRMAN (SHRI P.C. CHACKO): This is about Agricultural Workers Bill. We should be thankful to the Prime Minister for his intervention. Thank you, Mr. Prime Minister.

Shri Rasa Singh Rawat.

THE ABOLITION OF BEGGING BILL - Cont'd

17.21 hrs

PROF. RASA SINGH RAWAT (AJMER):

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